请教英语问题：表语和先行词分别是什么意思？谢谢

发布网友 发布时间：2022-04-20 12:27

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热心网友 时间：2023-09-10 13:11

<<表语>>:句子的表语是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句
The fact is that he was cheated.
这是个系表结构的句子,the fact是主语,谓语是系表结构,表语是that he was cheated,这个that引导的句子就是表语从句.

宾补和双宾的区别先看下面两个句子
They elected him president.
I sent him a telegram.
第一个句子里面的him是elect的宾语,而president则不是elect的宾语,它是补充说明宾语him的情况.
第二个句子里面的him 依然是send的宾语,而telegram也是send的宾语

<<先行词>>:1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

二、物殊情况：

尽管有以上基本原则，但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况；

Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词，如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all， these ，those等时,用who而不用that
Those who break the rule are pulished.
Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.

Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人，引导词只用That,如:
a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ?
b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?

Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:
1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
This is the best composition that has been written in English.
2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时
There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.
3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时
This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.
5、有两个以上先行词，分别表示人或物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
6、先行词为基数时
Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water.

Ⅳ.time为先行词时，前边如有序数词修饰时，定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用，如没序数词修饰时，用when或that均可
a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.

先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

热心网友 时间：2023-09-10 13:12

我觉得系动词后的都叫表语，然后先行词是引导从句的：）